In a statement to paper over deep divisions about how to handle the crisis, the leaders committed to bolster the borders of Greece as it struggles to cope with the wave of refugees from Syria and beyond that cross over through Turkey.
The leaders decided that reception capacities should be boosted in Greece and along the Balkans migration route to shelter 100,000 more people as winter looms.
They also agreed to expand border operations and make full use of biometric data like fingerprints as they register and screen migrants, before deciding whether to grant them asylum or send them home.
“The immediate imperative is to provide shelter,” European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said after chairing the mini-summit of 11 regional leaders in Brussels. “It cannot be that in the Europe of 2015 people are left to fend for themselves, sleeping in fields.”
Nearly 250,000 people have passed through the Balkans since mid-September.
Croatia said 11,500 people entered its territory on Saturday, the highest tally in a single day since Hungary put up a fence and refugees started moving sideways into Croatia a month ago.
Many are headed northwest to Austria, Germany and Scandinavia where they hope to find a home.
“This is one of the greatest litmus tests that Europe has ever faced,” German Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters after the summit. “Europe has to demonstrate that it is a continent of values and of solidarity.”
“We will need to take further steps in order to get through this,” she said.
Slovenian Prime Minister Miro Cerar said his small Alpine nation was being overwhelmed by the refugees – with 60,000 arriving in the last 10 days – and was not receiving enough help from its EU partners.
He put the challenge in simple terms: if no fresh approach is forthcoming “in the next few days and weeks, I do believe that the European Union and Europe as a whole will start to fall apart.”
The leaders agreed to rapidly dispatch 400 border guards to Slovenia as a short-term measure.
Migrants and refugees disembark from a ferry after their arrival from the northeastern Greek islands of Lesbos and Chios at the Athens’ port of Piraeus, Sunday Oct. 25, 2015. The International Office for Migration says Greece over the last week experienced the largest single weekly influx of migrants and refugees this year, at an average of some 9,600 per day. (AP Photo/Yorgos Karahalis) As they arrived at the hastily organized meeting, some leaders traded blame for the influx with their neighbors, with Greece targeted for the mismanagement of its porous island border.
“We should go down south and defend the borders of Greece if they are not able to do that,” said Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who claimed he was only attending the meeting as an “observer” because Hungary is no longer on the migrant route since it tightened borders.
But the country that many say is another key source of the flow – Turkey – was not invited, and some leaders said that little could be done without its involvement.
“It has to be tackled in Turkey and Greece, and this is just a nice Sunday afternoon talk,” Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanovic said, after complaining about having to leave an election campaign to take part in the mini-summit of nations in Europe’s eastern “migrant corridor.”
The refugee emergency has heightened tensions in the Balkans which have simmered since the wars in former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, and some of those strains surfaced in Brussels.
Cerar warned that he could be forced to act to ensure security if his EU partners, and notably Croatia, do not help ease the migrant strain on his country. He hoped the commitments taken by the leaders would make cooperation much better.
He said that more than 60,000 people had arrived in Slovenia over the last 10 days, many of them entering through Croatia; some driven there on Croatia-supplied buses.
They also committed to “discouraging” the movement of migrants toward their neighbors’ borders without asking those countries first.
“Waiving them through has to be stopped, and that is what is going to happen,” Juncker said. He underlined that the nations had agreed to weekly monitoring of their commitments to ensure compliance with Sunday’s agreement.
