Rights groups say the law undermines the principle of protection from war and persecution.

It comes days after Austria’s far-right came top in the first round of a presidential election.

Austrian officials say they are also considering building a fence at the main border crossing with Italy.

The new asylum law lets the government declare a “state of emergency” over the migrant crisis and reject most asylum-seekers, including those from war-torn countries such as Syria.

It also limits any successful asylum claim to three years.

“These amendments are a glaring attempt to keep people out of Austria and its asylum system,” said Amnesty Europe director Gauri van Gulik.

But Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka said Austria had no other choice as long as “so many other EU members fail to do their part” to limit the influx of migrants and refugees.

“We cannot shoulder the whole world’s burden,” he said.

Border fence proposed

Meanwhile, the police chief in Tyrol said Austria was proposing building a 400m fence at the Brenner crossing in the province.

Helmut Tomac told a news conference that the proposed border fence would depend on Italy’s willingness to co-operate.

However, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi criticised the plan, saying closing the Brenner pass would go “shamelessly” against European law as well the continent’s past and future.

Earlier this year, Austria began limiting the number of asylum applications it would accept and also encouraged Balkan countries to shut their southern borders to prevent migrants travelling along the so-called “Balkan route” from Greece to northern Europe.

Now officials fear that migrants will attempt to travel through Italy instead.

Work has already started at the Brenner crossing to enable controls to be implemented if the numbers of migrants arriving there increase.

Measures would include searches of trucks and private cars travelling on the main highway as well as checks on trains.

Austria received 90,000 asylum requests in 2015, the second-highest figure in the EU on a per capita basis.